|  | ================================================================ | 
|  | I2C device driver binding control from user-space in old kernels | 
|  | ================================================================ | 
|  |  | 
|  | .. NOTE:: | 
|  | Note: this section is only relevant if you are handling some old code | 
|  | found in kernel 2.6. If you work with more recent kernels, you can | 
|  | safely skip this section. | 
|  |  | 
|  | Up to kernel 2.6.32, many I2C drivers used helper macros provided by | 
|  | <linux/i2c.h> which created standard module parameters to let the user | 
|  | control how the driver would probe I2C buses and attach to devices. These | 
|  | parameters were known as ``probe`` (to let the driver probe for an extra | 
|  | address), ``force`` (to forcibly attach the driver to a given device) and | 
|  | ``ignore`` (to prevent a driver from probing a given address). | 
|  |  | 
|  | With the conversion of the I2C subsystem to the standard device driver | 
|  | binding model, it became clear that these per-module parameters were no | 
|  | longer needed, and that a centralized implementation was possible. The new, | 
|  | sysfs-based interface is described in | 
|  | Documentation/i2c/instantiating-devices.rst, section | 
|  | "Method 4: Instantiate from user-space". | 
|  |  | 
|  | Below is a mapping from the old module parameters to the new interface. | 
|  |  | 
|  | Attaching a driver to an I2C device | 
|  | ----------------------------------- | 
|  |  | 
|  | Old method (module parameters):: | 
|  |  | 
|  | # modprobe <driver> probe=1,0x2d | 
|  | # modprobe <driver> force=1,0x2d | 
|  | # modprobe <driver> force_<device>=1,0x2d | 
|  |  | 
|  | New method (sysfs interface):: | 
|  |  | 
|  | # echo <device> 0x2d > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/new_device | 
|  |  | 
|  | Preventing a driver from attaching to an I2C device | 
|  | --------------------------------------------------- | 
|  |  | 
|  | Old method (module parameters):: | 
|  |  | 
|  | # modprobe <driver> ignore=1,0x2f | 
|  |  | 
|  | New method (sysfs interface):: | 
|  |  | 
|  | # echo dummy 0x2f > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/new_device | 
|  | # modprobe <driver> | 
|  |  | 
|  | Of course, it is important to instantiate the ``dummy`` device before loading | 
|  | the driver. The dummy device will be handled by i2c-core itself, preventing | 
|  | other drivers from binding to it later on. If there is a real device at the | 
|  | problematic address, and you want another driver to bind to it, then simply | 
|  | pass the name of the device in question instead of ``dummy``. |