metrics/metrics_daemon.h

// Copyright (c) 2010 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#ifndef METRICS_METRICS_DAEMON_H_
#define METRICS_METRICS_DAEMON_H_

#include <stdint.h>

#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <base/files/file_path.h>
#include <base/time/time.h>
#include <brillo/daemons/dbus_daemon.h>
#include <gtest/gtest_prod.h>  // for FRIEND_TEST

#include "metrics/metrics_library.h"
#include "metrics/persistent_integer.h"
#include "metrics/process_meter.h"
#include "metrics/vmlog_writer.h"
#include "uploader/upload_service.h"

namespace chromeos_metrics {

class MetricsDaemon : public brillo::DBusDaemon {
 public:
  MetricsDaemon();
  MetricsDaemon(const MetricsDaemon&) = delete;
  MetricsDaemon& operator=(const MetricsDaemon&) = delete;

  ~MetricsDaemon();

  // Initializes metrics class variables.
  void Init(bool testing,
            bool uploader_active,
            MetricsLibraryInterface* metrics_lib,
            const std::string& diskstats_path,
            const std::string& vmstats_path,
            const std::string& cpuinfo_max_freq_path,
            const std::string& scaling_max_freq_path,
            const base::TimeDelta& upload_interval,
            const std::string& server,
            const std::string& metrics_file,
            const std::string& config_root,
            const base::FilePath& persistent_dir_path);

  // Initializes DBus and MessageLoop variables before running the MessageLoop.
  int OnInit() override;

  // Clean up data set up in OnInit before shutting down message loop.
  void OnShutdown(int* return_code) override;

  // Does all the work.
  int Run() override;

  // Triggers an upload event and exit. (Used to test UploadService)
  void RunUploaderTest();

  // Sets the base component of the path used to read thermal zone files.
  // See member variable |zone_path_base_| for example usage.
  void SetThermalZonePathBaseForTest(const base::FilePath& path);

  // Components of path to temperature logging files in sysfs.
  static constexpr char kSysfsThermalZoneFormat[] = "thermal_zone%d";
  static constexpr char kSysfsTemperatureValueFile[] = "temp";
  static constexpr char kSysfsTemperatureTypeFile[] = "type";

  // UMA Metrics used to report temperature data.
  static constexpr char kMetricTemperatureCpuName[] =
      "Platform.Thermal.Temperature.Cpu.0";
  static constexpr char kMetricTemperatureZeroName[] =
      "Platform.Temperature.Sensor00";
  static constexpr char kMetricTemperatureOneName[] =
      "Platform.Temperature.Sensor01";
  static constexpr char kMetricTemperatureTwoName[] =
      "Platform.Temperature.Sensor02";

  // Maximum temperature value to be reported to UMA.
  static constexpr int kMetricTemperatureMax = 100;  // degrees Celsius

  // Minimum time spent suspended in order to consider the sensor temperatures
  // measured at resume "ambient" (i.e. not influenced by the device) and
  // report them to UMA.
  static constexpr base::TimeDelta kMinSuspendDurationForAmbientTemperature =
      base::TimeDelta::FromMinutes(30);

  // UMA Metrics used to report temperature data when resuming from a suspend
  // that exceeds the minimum duration.
  static constexpr char kMetricSuspendedTemperatureCpuName[] =
      "Platform.Thermal.Temperature.Cpu.0.WhileSuspended";
  static constexpr char kMetricSuspendedTemperatureZeroName[] =
      "Platform.Temperature.Sensor00.WhileSuspended";
  static constexpr char kMetricSuspendedTemperatureOneName[] =
      "Platform.Temperature.Sensor01.WhileSuspended";
  static constexpr char kMetricSuspendedTemperatureTwoName[] =
      "Platform.Temperature.Sensor02.WhileSuspended";

 protected:
  // Used also by the unit tests.
  static const char kComprDataSizeName[];
  static const char kOrigDataSizeName[];
  static const char kZeroPagesName[];
  static const char kMMStatName[];

 private:
  friend class MetricsDaemonTest;
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, CheckSystemCrash);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ComputeEpochNoCurrent);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ComputeEpochNoLast);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, GetHistogramPath);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, IsNewEpoch);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, MessageFilter);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ProcessKernelCrash);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ProcessMeminfo);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ProcessMeminfo2);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ProcessUncleanShutdown);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ProcessUserCrash);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ReportCrashesDailyFrequency);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ReadFreqToInt);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ReportDiskStats);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ReportKernelCrashInterval);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ReportUncleanShutdownInterval);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, ReportUserCrashInterval);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, SendSample);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, SendCpuThrottleMetrics);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, SendTemperatureSamplesAlternative);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, SendTemperatureSamplesBasic);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, SendTemperatureSamplesReadError);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, SendTemperatureAtResume);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, DoNotSendTemperatureShortResume);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, SendZramMetrics);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, SendZramMetricsOld);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, SendZramMetricsWithIncompressiblePageStats);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, GetDetachableBaseTimes);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, UpdateUsageStats);
  FRIEND_TEST(MetricsDaemonTest, RoundsDailyUseIfJustOverOneDay);

  // State for disk stats collector callback.
  enum StatsState {
    kStatsShort,  // short wait before short interval collection
    kStatsLong,   // final wait before new collection
  };

  // Data record for aggregating daily usage.
  class UseRecord {
   public:
    UseRecord() : day_(0), seconds_(0) {}
    int day_;
    int seconds_;
  };

  // Type of scale to use for meminfo histograms.  For most of them we use
  // percent of total RAM, but for some we use absolute numbers, usually in
  // megabytes, on a log scale from 0 to 4000, and 0 to 8000 for compressed
  // swap (since it can be larger than total RAM).
  enum MeminfoOp {
    kMeminfoOp_HistPercent = 0,
    kMeminfoOp_HistLog,
    kMeminfoOp_SwapTotal,
    kMeminfoOp_SwapFree,
    kMeminfoOp_Anon,
    kMeminfoOp_File,
  };

  // Record for retrieving and reporting values from /proc/meminfo.
  struct MeminfoRecord {
    const char* name;   // print name
    const char* match;  // string to match in output of /proc/meminfo
    MeminfoOp op;       // histogram scale selector, or other operator
    int value;          // value from /proc/meminfo
  };

  // Metric parameters.
  static const char kMetricReadSectorsLongName[];
  static const char kMetricReadSectorsShortName[];
  static const char kMetricWriteSectorsLongName[];
  static const char kMetricWriteSectorsShortName[];
  static const char kMetricPageFaultsShortName[];
  static const char kMetricPageFaultsLongName[];
  static const char kMetricFilePageFaultsShortName[];
  static const char kMetricFilePageFaultsLongName[];
  static const char kMetricAnonPageFaultsShortName[];
  static const char kMetricAnonPageFaultsLongName[];
  static const char kMetricSwapInDailyName[];
  static const char kMetricSwapInLongName[];
  static const char kMetricSwapInShortName[];
  static const char kMetricSwapOutDailyName[];
  static const char kMetricSwapOutLongName[];
  static const char kMetricSwapOutShortName[];
  static const char kMetricScaledCpuFrequencyName[];
  static const int kMetricStatsShortInterval;
  static const int kMetricStatsLongInterval;
  static const int kMetricMeminfoInterval;
  static const base::TimeDelta kMetricReportProcessMemoryInterval;
  static const int kMetricDetachableBaseInterval;
  static const int kMetricSectorsIOMax;
  static const int kMetricSectorsBuckets;
  static const int kMetricPageFaultsMax;
  static const int kMetricPageFaultsBuckets;
  static const int kMetricDailySwapMax;
  static const int kMetricDailySwapBuckets;
  static const char kMetricsDiskStatsPath[];
  static const char kMetricsVmStatsPath[];
  static const char kMetricsProcStatFileName[];
  static const int kMetricsProcStatFirstLineItemsCount;
  static const char kMetricDetachableBaseActivePercentName[];
  static const char kMetricCroutonStarted[];

  // Detachable base USB autosuspend sysfs entries.
  //
  // udev detects the base; hammerd validates, updates, enables
  // USB autosuspend, and writes the sysfs path to /var/cache for
  // consumption by other programs.  ("hammer" is the code name of
  // the original device in this class.)
  static const char kHammerSysfsPathPath[];
  static const char kDetachableBaseSysfsLevelName[];
  static const char kDetachableBaseSysfsLevelValue[];
  static const char kDetachableBaseSysfsActiveTimeName[];
  static const char kDetachableBaseSysfsSuspendedTimeName[];

  // Returns the active time since boot (uptime minus sleep time) in seconds.
  double GetActiveTime();

  // D-Bus filter callback.
  static DBusHandlerResult MessageFilter(DBusConnection* connection,
                                         DBusMessage* message,
                                         void* user_data);

  // Updates the active use time and logs time between user-space
  // process crashes.
  void ProcessUserCrash();

  // Updates the active use time and logs time between kernel crashes.
  void ProcessKernelCrash();

  // Updates the active use time and logs time between unclean shutdowns.
  void ProcessUncleanShutdown();

  // Checks if a kernel crash has been detected and returns true if
  // so.  The method assumes that a kernel crash has happened if
  // |crash_file| exists.  It removes the file immediately if it
  // exists, so it must not be called more than once.
  bool CheckSystemCrash(const std::string& crash_file);

  // Sends a regular (exponential) histogram sample to Chrome for
  // transport to UMA. See MetricsLibrary::SendToUMA in
  // metrics_library.h for a description of the arguments.
  void SendSample(
      const std::string& name, int sample, int min, int max, int nbuckets);

  // Sends a linear histogram sample to Chrome for transport to UMA. See
  // MetricsLibrary::SendToUMA in metrics_library.h for a description of the
  // arguments.
  void SendLinearSample(const std::string& name,
                        int sample,
                        int max,
                        int nbuckets);

  // Sends various cumulative kernel crash-related stats, for instance the
  // total number of kernel crashes since the last version update.
  void SendKernelCrashesCumulativeCountStats();

  // Sends stat about crouton usage
  void SendCroutonStats();

  // Returns the total (system-wide) CPU usage between the time of the most
  // recent call to this function and now.
  base::TimeDelta GetIncrementalCpuUse();

  // Sends a sample representing the number of seconds of active use
  // for a 24-hour period and reset |use|.
  void SendAndResetDailyUseSample();

  // Sends a sample representing a time interval between two crashes of the
  // same type and reset |interval|.
  void SendAndResetCrashIntervalSample(
      const std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger>& interval,
      const std::string& name);

  // Sends a sample representing a frequency of crashes of some type and reset
  // |frequency|.
  void SendAndResetCrashFrequencySample(
      const std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger>& frequency,
      const std::string& name);

  // Sends stats representing the difference in vmstat values after a day, and
  // then resets the starting values.
  void SendAndResetDailyVmstats();

  // Initializes vm and disk stats reporting.
  void StatsReporterInit();

  // Schedules a callback for the next vm and disk stats collection.
  void ScheduleStatsCallback(int wait);

  // Reads cumulative disk statistics from sysfs.  Returns true for success.
  bool DiskStatsReadStats(uint64_t* read_sectors, uint64_t* write_sectors);

  // Reads cumulative vm statistics from procfs.  Returns true for success.
  bool VmStatsReadStats(struct VmstatRecord* stats);

  // Reads current temperature values from sysfs and returns as a map.
  // Keys are contents of temperature_zone 'type' file.
  // Values are contents of temperature_zone 'temp' file in millidegrees C.
  std::map<std::string, uint64_t> ReadSensorTemperatures();

  // Fetches current temperatures from sysfs and sends to UMA.
  void SendTemperatureSamples();

  // Method called when kSuspendDoneSignal is received from powerd.
  // Handles reporting of temperature during suspend.
  void HandleSuspendDone(dbus::Signal* signal);

  // Reports disk and vm statistics.
  void StatsCallback();

  // Schedules meminfo collection callback.
  void ScheduleMeminfoCallback(int wait);

  // Reports memory statistics.  Reschedules callback on success.
  void MeminfoCallback(base::TimeDelta wait);

  // Schedules the initial process memory stats collection.  |interval| is the
  // delay before the first collection and between further collections.
  void ScheduleReportProcessMemory(base::TimeDelta interval);

  // Runs ReportProcessMemory every |interval| time delta.
  void ReportProcessMemoryCallback(base::TimeDelta interval);

  // Classifies all processes into groups and reports the sum of their memory
  // usage (total, anon, file, and shmem).
  void ReportProcessMemory();

  // Sends uma samples for memory usage of a group of processes.
  void ReportProcessGroupStats(const char* const uma_names[MEM_KINDS_COUNT],
                               const ProcessMemoryStats& stats);

  // Schedules detachable base collection callback.
  void ScheduleDetachableBaseCallback(int wait);

  // Reports detachable base statistics.  Reschedules callback on success.
  void DetachableBaseCallback(const base::FilePath sysfs_path_path,
                              base::TimeDelta wait);

  // Retrieves current active and suspended times for detachable base.
  // active_time and suspended_time are only valid if the function returns true.
  bool GetDetachableBaseTimes(const base::FilePath sysfs_path_path,
                              uint64_t* active_time,
                              uint64_t* suspended_time);

  // Parses content of /proc/meminfo and sends fields of interest to UMA.
  // Returns false on errors.  |meminfo_raw| contains the content of
  // /proc/meminfo.
  bool ProcessMeminfo(const std::string& meminfo_raw);

  // Parses meminfo data from |meminfo_raw|.  |fields| is a vector containing
  // the fields of interest.  The order of the fields must be the same in which
  // /proc/meminfo prints them.  The result of parsing fields[i] is placed in
  // fields[i].value.
  bool FillMeminfo(const std::string& meminfo_raw,
                   std::vector<MeminfoRecord>* fields);

  // Schedule a memory use callback in |interval| seconds.
  void ScheduleMemuseCallback(double interval);

  // Calls MemuseCallbackWork, and possibly schedules next callback, if enough
  // active time has passed.  Otherwise reschedules itself to simulate active
  // time callbacks (i.e. wall clock time minus sleep time).
  void MemuseCallback();

  // Reads /proc/meminfo and sends total anonymous memory usage to UMA.
  bool MemuseCallbackWork();

  // Parses meminfo data and sends it to UMA.
  bool ProcessMemuse(const std::string& meminfo_raw);

  // Sends stats for thermal CPU throttling.
  void SendCpuThrottleMetrics();

  // Reads an integer CPU frequency value from sysfs.
  bool ReadFreqToInt(const std::string& sysfs_file_name, int* value);

  // Reads the current OS version from /etc/lsb-release and hashes it
  // to a unsigned 32-bit int.
  uint32_t GetOsVersionHash();

  // Returns true if the system is using an official build.
  bool IsOnOfficialBuild() const;

  // Updates stats, additionally sending them to UMA if enough time has elapsed
  // since the last report.
  void UpdateStats(base::TimeTicks now_ticks, base::Time now_wall_time);

  // Invoked periodically by |update_stats_timeout_id_| to call UpdateStats().
  void HandleUpdateStatsTimeout();

  // Reports zram statistics.
  bool ReportZram(const base::FilePath& zram_dir);

  // Reads a string from a file and converts it to uint64_t.
  static bool ReadFileToUint64(const base::FilePath& path,
                               uint64_t* value,
                               bool warn_on_read_failure = true);

  // Reads zram stat.
  static bool ReadZramStat(const base::FilePath& zram_dir,
                           uint64_t* compr_data_size_out,
                           uint64_t* orig_data_size_out,
                           uint64_t* zero_pages_out,
                           uint64_t* incompr_pages_out);

  // VARIABLES

  // Test mode.
  bool testing_;

  // Whether the uploader is enabled or disabled.
  bool uploader_active_;

  // Root of the configuration files to use.
  std::string config_root_;

  // The metrics library handle.
  MetricsLibraryInterface* metrics_lib_;

  // Timestamps last network state update.  This timestamp is used to
  // sample the time from the network going online to going offline so
  // TimeTicks ensures a monotonically increasing TimeDelta.
  base::TimeTicks network_state_last_;

  // The last time that UpdateStats() was called.
  base::TimeTicks last_update_stats_time_;

  // End time of current memuse stat collection interval.
  double memuse_final_time_;

  // Selects the wait time for the next memory use callback.
  unsigned int memuse_interval_index_;

  // Contain the most recent disk and vm cumulative stats.
  uint64_t read_sectors_;
  uint64_t write_sectors_;
  struct VmstatRecord vmstats_;

  StatsState stats_state_;
  double stats_initial_time_;

  // The system "HZ", or frequency of ticks.  Some system data uses ticks as a
  // unit, and this is used to convert to standard time units.
  uint32_t ticks_per_second_;
  // Used internally by GetIncrementalCpuUse() to return the CPU utilization
  // between calls.
  uint64_t latest_cpu_use_ticks_;

  // Keeps track of the last active and suspended times for detachable
  // base autosuspend.  Active and suspended states are toggled by an
  // autosuspend idle time.
  uint64_t detachable_base_active_time_;
  uint64_t detachable_base_suspended_time_;

  // Persistent values and accumulators for crash statistics.
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> daily_cycle_;
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> weekly_cycle_;
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> version_cycle_;

  // Active use accumulated in a day.
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> daily_active_use_;
  // Active use accumulated since the latest version update.
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> version_cumulative_active_use_;

  // The CPU time accumulator.  This contains the CPU time, in milliseconds,
  // used by the system since the most recent OS version update.
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> version_cumulative_cpu_use_;

  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> user_crash_interval_;
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> kernel_crash_interval_;
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> unclean_shutdown_interval_;

  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> any_crashes_daily_count_;
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> any_crashes_weekly_count_;
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> user_crashes_daily_count_;
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> user_crashes_weekly_count_;
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> kernel_crashes_daily_count_;
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> kernel_crashes_weekly_count_;
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> kernel_crashes_version_count_;
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> unclean_shutdowns_daily_count_;
  std::unique_ptr<PersistentInteger> unclean_shutdowns_weekly_count_;

  struct VmstatRecord vmstats_daily_start;
  bool vmstats_daily_success;

  std::string diskstats_path_;
  std::string vmstats_path_;
  std::string scaling_max_freq_path_;
  std::string cpuinfo_max_freq_path_;

  // The base component used to read from thermal zone paths
  // An example thermal zone path would be:
  //   '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp'
  // This base path would be the portion before the thermal_zone:
  //   '/sys/class/thermal/'
  // This will primarily be changed for testing purposes, see
  // SetThermalZonePathBaseForTest(base::FilePath).
  base::FilePath zone_path_base_;

  // In the sysfs directory '/sys/class/thermal/' there are multiple thermal
  // zones, starting at 0, for example '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0',
  // '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone1', etc.
  // thermal_zone_count_ is the total number of these zones, so if
  // thermal_zone_count_ is 3, then thermal_zone0, thermal_zone1, and
  // thermal_zone2 should all exist, while thermal_zone3 should not.
  // This is initialized to -1, meaning that the first attempt to read
  // thermal_zones will try zones until failure and then update the count.
  int32_t thermal_zone_count_;

  // If index i is true, it means that we have already printed an error message
  // for a failed read from thermal_zone i, and should not print one again.
  // This helps reduce log spam from metrics_daemon.
  // Even if it fails, we will still attempt reading from the thermal_zone.
  // Once it has succeeded again, index i will be reset to false.
  std::vector<bool> thermal_zone_read_failure_notified_;

  base::TimeDelta upload_interval_;
  std::string server_;
  std::string metrics_file_;

  std::unique_ptr<UploadService> upload_service_;
  std::unique_ptr<VmlogWriter> vmlog_writer_;

  // The backing directory for persistent integers.
  base::FilePath backing_dir_;
};

}  // namespace chromeos_metrics

#endif  // METRICS_METRICS_DAEMON_H_