/*
 *  Copyright (c) 2014 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
 *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
 *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
 *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
 *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
 */

#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include "api/audio_codecs/builtin_audio_decoder_factory.h"
#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/tools/neteq_quality_test.h"
#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/tools/output_audio_file.h"
#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/tools/output_wav_file.h"
#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/tools/resample_input_audio_file.h"
#include "rtc_base/checks.h"
#include "test/testsupport/fileutils.h"

namespace webrtc {
namespace test {

const uint8_t kPayloadType = 95;
const int kOutputSizeMs = 10;
const int kInitSeed = 0x12345678;
const int kPacketLossTimeUnitMs = 10;

const std::string& DefaultInFilename() {
  static const std::string path =
      ResourcePath("audio_coding/speech_mono_16kHz", "pcm");
  return path;
}

const std::string& DefaultOutFilename() {
  static const std::string path = OutputPath() + "neteq_quality_test_out.pcm";
  return path;
}

// Common validator for file names.
static bool ValidateFilename(const std::string& value, bool write) {
  FILE* fid = write ? fopen(value.c_str(), "wb") : fopen(value.c_str(), "rb");
  if (fid == nullptr)
    return false;
  fclose(fid);
  return true;
}

DEFINE_string(in_filename, DefaultInFilename().c_str(),
    "Filename for input audio (specify sample rate with --input_sample_rate, "
    "and channels with --channels).");

DEFINE_int(input_sample_rate, 16000, "Sample rate of input file in Hz.");

DEFINE_int(channels, 1, "Number of channels in input audio.");

DEFINE_string(out_filename, DefaultOutFilename().c_str(),
    "Name of output audio file.");

DEFINE_int(runtime_ms, 10000, "Simulated runtime (milliseconds).");

DEFINE_int(packet_loss_rate, 10, "Percentile of packet loss.");

DEFINE_int(random_loss_mode,
           kUniformLoss,
           "Random loss mode: 0--no loss, 1--uniform loss, 2--Gilbert Elliot "
           "loss, 3--fixed loss.");

DEFINE_int(burst_length, 30,
    "Burst length in milliseconds, only valid for Gilbert Elliot loss.");

DEFINE_float(drift_factor, 0.0, "Time drift factor.");

DEFINE_int(preload_packets, 0, "Preload the buffer with this many packets.");

DEFINE_string(loss_events,
              "",
              "List of loss events time and duration separated by comma: "
              "<first_event_time> <first_event_duration>, <second_event_time> "
              "<second_event_duration>, ...");

// ProbTrans00Solver() is to calculate the transition probability from no-loss
// state to itself in a modified Gilbert Elliot packet loss model. The result is
// to achieve the target packet loss rate |loss_rate|, when a packet is not
// lost only if all |units| drawings within the duration of the packet result in
// no-loss.
static double ProbTrans00Solver(int units, double loss_rate,
                                double prob_trans_10) {
  if (units == 1)
    return prob_trans_10 / (1.0f - loss_rate) - prob_trans_10;
// 0 == prob_trans_00 ^ (units - 1) + (1 - loss_rate) / prob_trans_10 *
//     prob_trans_00 - (1 - loss_rate) * (1 + 1 / prob_trans_10).
// There is a unique solution between 0.0 and 1.0, due to the monotonicity and
// an opposite sign at 0.0 and 1.0.
// For simplicity, we reformulate the equation as
//     f(x) = x ^ (units - 1) + a x + b.
// Its derivative is
//     f'(x) = (units - 1) x ^ (units - 2) + a.
// The derivative is strictly greater than 0 when x is between 0 and 1.
// We use Newton's method to solve the equation, iteration is
//     x(k+1) = x(k) - f(x) / f'(x);
  const double kPrecision = 0.001f;
  const int kIterations = 100;
  const double a = (1.0f - loss_rate) / prob_trans_10;
  const double b = (loss_rate - 1.0f) * (1.0f + 1.0f / prob_trans_10);
  double x = 0.0f;  // Starting point;
  double f = b;
  double f_p;
  int iter = 0;
  while ((f >= kPrecision || f <= -kPrecision) && iter < kIterations) {
    f_p = (units - 1.0f) * pow(x, units - 2) + a;
    x -= f / f_p;
    if (x > 1.0f) {
      x = 1.0f;
    } else if (x < 0.0f) {
      x = 0.0f;
    }
    f = pow(x, units - 1) + a * x + b;
    iter ++;
  }
  return x;
}

NetEqQualityTest::NetEqQualityTest(int block_duration_ms,
                                   int in_sampling_khz,
                                   int out_sampling_khz,
                                   NetEqDecoder decoder_type)
    : decoder_type_(decoder_type),
      channels_(static_cast<size_t>(FLAG_channels)),
      decoded_time_ms_(0),
      decodable_time_ms_(0),
      drift_factor_(FLAG_drift_factor),
      packet_loss_rate_(FLAG_packet_loss_rate),
      block_duration_ms_(block_duration_ms),
      in_sampling_khz_(in_sampling_khz),
      out_sampling_khz_(out_sampling_khz),
      in_size_samples_(
          static_cast<size_t>(in_sampling_khz_ * block_duration_ms_)),
      payload_size_bytes_(0),
      max_payload_bytes_(0),
      in_file_(new ResampleInputAudioFile(FLAG_in_filename,
                                          FLAG_input_sample_rate,
                                          in_sampling_khz * 1000)),
      rtp_generator_(
          new RtpGenerator(in_sampling_khz_, 0, 0, decodable_time_ms_)),
      total_payload_size_bytes_(0) {
  // Flag validation
  RTC_CHECK(ValidateFilename(FLAG_in_filename, false))
      << "Invalid input filename.";

  RTC_CHECK(FLAG_input_sample_rate == 8000 || FLAG_input_sample_rate == 16000 ||
            FLAG_input_sample_rate == 32000 || FLAG_input_sample_rate == 48000)
      << "Invalid sample rate should be 8000, 16000, 32000 or 48000 Hz.";

  RTC_CHECK_EQ(FLAG_channels, 1)
      << "Invalid number of channels, current support only 1.";

  RTC_CHECK(ValidateFilename(FLAG_out_filename, true))
      << "Invalid output filename.";

  RTC_CHECK_GT(FLAG_runtime_ms, 0)
      << "Invalid runtime, should be greater than 0.";

  RTC_CHECK(FLAG_packet_loss_rate >= 0 && FLAG_packet_loss_rate <= 100)
      << "Invalid packet loss percentile, should be between 0 and 100.";

  RTC_CHECK(FLAG_random_loss_mode >= 0 && FLAG_random_loss_mode < kLastLossMode)
      << "Invalid random packet loss mode, should be between 0 and "
      << kLastLossMode - 1 << ".";

  RTC_CHECK_GE(FLAG_burst_length, kPacketLossTimeUnitMs)
      << "Invalid burst length, should be greater than or equal to "
      << kPacketLossTimeUnitMs << " ms.";

  RTC_CHECK_GT(FLAG_drift_factor, -0.1)
      << "Invalid drift factor, should be greater than -0.1.";

  RTC_CHECK_GE(FLAG_preload_packets, 0)
      << "Invalid number of packets to preload; must be non-negative.";

  const std::string out_filename = FLAG_out_filename;
  const std::string log_filename = out_filename + ".log";
  log_file_.open(log_filename.c_str(), std::ofstream::out);
  RTC_CHECK(log_file_.is_open());

  if (out_filename.size() >= 4 &&
      out_filename.substr(out_filename.size() - 4) == ".wav") {
    // Open a wav file.
    output_.reset(
        new webrtc::test::OutputWavFile(out_filename, 1000 * out_sampling_khz));
  } else {
    // Open a pcm file.
    output_.reset(new webrtc::test::OutputAudioFile(out_filename));
  }

  NetEq::Config config;
  config.sample_rate_hz = out_sampling_khz_ * 1000;
  neteq_.reset(
      NetEq::Create(config, webrtc::CreateBuiltinAudioDecoderFactory()));
  max_payload_bytes_ = in_size_samples_ * channels_ * sizeof(int16_t);
  in_data_.reset(new int16_t[in_size_samples_ * channels_]);
}

NetEqQualityTest::~NetEqQualityTest() {
  log_file_.close();
}

bool NoLoss::Lost(int now_ms) {
  return false;
}

UniformLoss::UniformLoss(double loss_rate)
    : loss_rate_(loss_rate) {
}

bool UniformLoss::Lost(int now_ms) {
  int drop_this = rand();
  return (drop_this < loss_rate_ * RAND_MAX);
}

GilbertElliotLoss::GilbertElliotLoss(double prob_trans_11, double prob_trans_01)
    : prob_trans_11_(prob_trans_11),
      prob_trans_01_(prob_trans_01),
      lost_last_(false),
      uniform_loss_model_(new UniformLoss(0)) {
}

GilbertElliotLoss::~GilbertElliotLoss() {}

bool GilbertElliotLoss::Lost(int now_ms) {
  // Simulate bursty channel (Gilbert model).
  // (1st order) Markov chain model with memory of the previous/last
  // packet state (lost or received).
  if (lost_last_) {
    // Previous packet was not received.
    uniform_loss_model_->set_loss_rate(prob_trans_11_);
    return lost_last_ = uniform_loss_model_->Lost(now_ms);
  } else {
    uniform_loss_model_->set_loss_rate(prob_trans_01_);
    return lost_last_ = uniform_loss_model_->Lost(now_ms);
  }
}

FixedLossModel::FixedLossModel(
    std::set<FixedLossEvent, FixedLossEventCmp> loss_events)
    : loss_events_(loss_events) {
  loss_events_it_ = loss_events_.begin();
}

FixedLossModel::~FixedLossModel() {}

bool FixedLossModel::Lost(int now_ms) {
  if (loss_events_it_ != loss_events_.end() &&
      now_ms > loss_events_it_->start_ms) {
    if (now_ms <= loss_events_it_->start_ms + loss_events_it_->duration_ms) {
      return true;
    } else {
      ++loss_events_it_;
      return false;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

void NetEqQualityTest::SetUp() {
  ASSERT_EQ(0,
            neteq_->RegisterPayloadType(decoder_type_, "noname", kPayloadType));
  rtp_generator_->set_drift_factor(drift_factor_);

  int units = block_duration_ms_ / kPacketLossTimeUnitMs;
  switch (FLAG_random_loss_mode) {
    case kUniformLoss: {
      // |unit_loss_rate| is the packet loss rate for each unit time interval
      // (kPacketLossTimeUnitMs). Since a packet loss event is generated if any
      // of |block_duration_ms_ / kPacketLossTimeUnitMs| unit time intervals of
      // a full packet duration is drawn with a loss, |unit_loss_rate| fulfills
      // (1 - unit_loss_rate) ^ (block_duration_ms_ / kPacketLossTimeUnitMs) ==
      // 1 - packet_loss_rate.
      double unit_loss_rate = (1.0f - pow(1.0f - 0.01f * packet_loss_rate_,
          1.0f / units));
      loss_model_.reset(new UniformLoss(unit_loss_rate));
      break;
    }
    case kGilbertElliotLoss: {
      // |FLAG_burst_length| should be integer times of kPacketLossTimeUnitMs.
      ASSERT_EQ(0, FLAG_burst_length % kPacketLossTimeUnitMs);

      // We do not allow 100 percent packet loss in Gilbert Elliot model, which
      // makes no sense.
      ASSERT_GT(100, packet_loss_rate_);

      // To guarantee the overall packet loss rate, transition probabilities
      // need to satisfy:
      // pi_0 * (1 - prob_trans_01_) ^ units +
      //     pi_1 * prob_trans_10_ ^ (units - 1) == 1 - loss_rate
      // pi_0 = prob_trans_10 / (prob_trans_10 + prob_trans_01_)
      //     is the stationary state probability of no-loss
      // pi_1 = prob_trans_01_ / (prob_trans_10 + prob_trans_01_)
      //     is the stationary state probability of loss
      // After a derivation prob_trans_00 should satisfy:
      // prob_trans_00 ^ (units - 1) = (loss_rate - 1) / prob_trans_10 *
      //     prob_trans_00 + (1 - loss_rate) * (1 + 1 / prob_trans_10).
      double loss_rate = 0.01f * packet_loss_rate_;
      double prob_trans_10 = 1.0f * kPacketLossTimeUnitMs / FLAG_burst_length;
      double prob_trans_00 = ProbTrans00Solver(units, loss_rate, prob_trans_10);
      loss_model_.reset(new GilbertElliotLoss(1.0f - prob_trans_10,
                                              1.0f - prob_trans_00));
      break;
    }
    case kFixedLoss: {
      std::istringstream loss_events_stream(FLAG_loss_events);
      std::string loss_event_string;
      std::set<FixedLossEvent, FixedLossEventCmp> loss_events;
      while (std::getline(loss_events_stream, loss_event_string, ',')) {
        std::vector<int> loss_event_params;
        std::istringstream loss_event_params_stream(loss_event_string);
        std::copy(std::istream_iterator<int>(loss_event_params_stream),
                  std::istream_iterator<int>(),
                  std::back_inserter(loss_event_params));
        RTC_CHECK_EQ(loss_event_params.size(), 2);
        auto result = loss_events.insert(
            FixedLossEvent(loss_event_params[0], loss_event_params[1]));
        RTC_CHECK(result.second);
      }
      RTC_CHECK_GT(loss_events.size(), 0);
      loss_model_.reset(new FixedLossModel(loss_events));
      break;
    }
    default: {
      loss_model_.reset(new NoLoss);
      break;
    }
  }

  // Make sure that the packet loss profile is same for all derived tests.
  srand(kInitSeed);
}

std::ofstream& NetEqQualityTest::Log() {
  return log_file_;
}

bool NetEqQualityTest::PacketLost() {
  int cycles = block_duration_ms_ / kPacketLossTimeUnitMs;

  // The loop is to make sure that codecs with different block lengths share the
  // same packet loss profile.
  bool lost = false;
  for (int idx = 0; idx < cycles; idx ++) {
    if (loss_model_->Lost(decoded_time_ms_)) {
      // The packet will be lost if any of the drawings indicates a loss, but
      // the loop has to go on to make sure that codecs with different block
      // lengths keep the same pace.
      lost = true;
    }
  }
  return lost;
}

int NetEqQualityTest::Transmit() {
  int packet_input_time_ms =
      rtp_generator_->GetRtpHeader(kPayloadType, in_size_samples_,
                                   &rtp_header_);
  Log() << "Packet of size "
        << payload_size_bytes_
        << " bytes, for frame at "
        << packet_input_time_ms
        << " ms ";
  if (payload_size_bytes_ > 0) {
    if (!PacketLost()) {
      int ret = neteq_->InsertPacket(
          rtp_header_,
          rtc::ArrayView<const uint8_t>(payload_.data(), payload_size_bytes_),
          packet_input_time_ms * in_sampling_khz_);
      if (ret != NetEq::kOK)
        return -1;
      Log() << "was sent.";
    } else {
      Log() << "was lost.";
    }
  }
  Log() << std::endl;
  return packet_input_time_ms;
}

int NetEqQualityTest::DecodeBlock() {
  bool muted;
  int ret = neteq_->GetAudio(&out_frame_, &muted);
  RTC_CHECK(!muted);

  if (ret != NetEq::kOK) {
    return -1;
  } else {
    RTC_DCHECK_EQ(out_frame_.num_channels_, channels_);
    RTC_DCHECK_EQ(out_frame_.samples_per_channel_,
                  static_cast<size_t>(kOutputSizeMs * out_sampling_khz_));
    RTC_CHECK(output_->WriteArray(
        out_frame_.data(),
        out_frame_.samples_per_channel_ * out_frame_.num_channels_));
    return static_cast<int>(out_frame_.samples_per_channel_);
  }
}

void NetEqQualityTest::Simulate() {
  int audio_size_samples;

  while (decoded_time_ms_ < FLAG_runtime_ms) {
    // Preload the buffer if needed.
    while (decodable_time_ms_ - FLAG_preload_packets * block_duration_ms_ <
           decoded_time_ms_) {
      ASSERT_TRUE(in_file_->Read(in_size_samples_ * channels_, &in_data_[0]));
      payload_.Clear();
      payload_size_bytes_ = EncodeBlock(&in_data_[0],
                                        in_size_samples_, &payload_,
                                        max_payload_bytes_);
      total_payload_size_bytes_ += payload_size_bytes_;
      decodable_time_ms_ = Transmit() + block_duration_ms_;
    }
    audio_size_samples = DecodeBlock();
    if (audio_size_samples > 0) {
      decoded_time_ms_ += audio_size_samples / out_sampling_khz_;
    }
  }
  Log() << "Average bit rate was "
        << 8.0f * total_payload_size_bytes_ / FLAG_runtime_ms
        << " kbps"
        << std::endl;
}

}  // namespace test
}  // namespace webrtc