How to run FAFT (Fully Automated Firmware Test)

Self-link: go/faft-running

• How to run FAFT (Fully Automated Firmware Test)
  • FAFT Overview
  • Hardware Setup
    • ServoV4 Type-A with servo micro
    • ServoV4 Type-C
    • ServoV4 Type-C with servo micro
    • (Deprecated) ServoV2
    • Installing Test Image onto USB Stick
  • Running Tests
    • Setup Confirmation
    • Sample Commands
  • Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

FAFT Overview

FAFT (Fully Automated Firmware Tests) is a collection of tests and related infrastructure that exercise and verify capabilities of Chrome OS. The features tested by FAFT are implemented through low-level software (firmware/BIOS) and hardware. FAFT evolved from SAFT (Semi-Automated Firmware Tests) and you can locate tests in the FAFT suite in the Autotest tree as directories with the prefix firmware_.

The founding principles of FAFT are:

• Fully automated, no human intervention required
• Real test of physical hardware, like USB plug-in, Ctrl-D key press
• High test coverage of complicated verified boot flows
• Easy to integrate with existing test infrastructure (e.g. test lab, continuous testing, etc).

To access some of these low-level capabilities, the tests require a servod instance running and executing controls with the help of physical servo board (servo v2, servo v4 with servo micro or servo v4 Type-C)

The servo board is connected directly to the DUT (Device Under Test) to enable access to low-level hardware interfaces, as well as staging areas for backup software (on a USB drive).

The FAFT framework runs the tests with a tool called test that and it is based on a client-server architecture, where the client runs on the DUT and the server runs on the host machine.

The tests may corrupt various states in the EC, firmware, and kernel to verify recovery processes. In these cases you can almost always use FAFT to restore the system to its original state. The FAFT suite of tests can be invoked locally or remotely. This document describes how to set up the local configuration only.

The Chrome OS firmware controls, among other things, the initial setup of the system hardware during the boot process. They are necessarily complicated, providing reliability against various corruption scenarios and security to ensure trusted software is controlling the system. Currently, the purpose of FAFT is to exercise EC firmware and BIOS firmware functionality and performance.

Hardware Setup

General requirements

The firmware running on the system needs to be able to deal with the signatures on the disks, so when testing your own local Chrome OS build signed with dev keys, install dev signed firmware as well.

The setup requires a USB drive: Pick the fastest option that you can reasonably employ but even more than that, ensure that it‘s reliable! If the drive is quirky in manual use, FAFT will definitely be confused because it won’t be able to deal with extraordinary circumstances.

The OS image installed on the USB drive MUST NOT be a recovery image. FAFT switches pretty often between normal and dev mode, and the transition into dev mode is done by going through the recovery screen. With a recovery image present, it will do a recovery instead of going through the dev mode transition flow.

The OS on the USB drive and on the disk must be a test image. If not, it will lack important tooling for running the tests: If you see messages that rsync can‘t be found you’re not using a test image and while this step will work (albeit slowly because the fallback is to scp files individually), running the DUT's side of the tests will fail because non-test Chrome OS lacks a suitable python interpreter.

ServoV4 Type-A with Micro

The hardware configuration for running FAFT on a servo v4 Type-A with servo micro includes:

• A test controller (your host workstation with a working chroot environment)
• The test device (a device / DUT that can boot Chrome OS)
• A servo board
• Related cables and components
  • servo-micro cable
  • USB type-A to USB micro cable for DUT connection (~ 2' in length)
  • USB type-A to USB micro cable for test controller connection (~ 4' - 6' in length)
  • Ethernet cable
  • USB drive (flashed with the appropriate OS image)

Figure 1 shows a diagram of how to connect the latest debug boards, servoV4 Type-A and servo micro, to the test controller, DUT, and network. It is important to ensure the DUT is powered off before plugging in cables and components to the servo.

Figure 1.Diagram of hardware configuration for a ServoV4 Type-A with servo micro.

Details of servoV4 Type-A with micro connections:

1. Connect one end (micro USB) of the servo micro to servoV4 using a micro USB to USB cable.
2. Connect the servo micro to the debug header on the chrome device.
3. Connect the USB type A cable of the servoV4 to the DUT.
4. Prepare a USB flash drive with valid Chrome OS image and plug into the USB port of the servo as shown in the diagram.
5. Connect the micro USB port of the servo to the host machine (typically your workstation).
6. Connect an Ethernet cable to the Ethernet jack of the servo that goes to the a network reachable from the network that your host machine is on.

ServoV4 Type-C

The hardware configuration for running FAFT with a servo v4 type-C includes:

• A test controller (your host workstation with a working chroot environment)
• The test device (a device / DUT that can boot Chrome OS)
• A servo board
• Related cables and components
  • USB type-A to USB micro cable for test controller connection (~ 4' - 6' in length)
  • Ethernet cable
  • USB drive (flashed with the appropriate OS image)

Figure 2 shows a diagram of how to connect a servoV4 Type-C, to the test controller, DUT, and network. It is important to ensure the DUT is powered off before plugging in cables and components to the servo and DUT.

Figure 2.Diagram of hardware configuration for a ServoV4 Type-C.

Details of servoV4 Type-C connections in Figure 2:

1. Connect the USB Type-C cable of the servoV4 to the DUT.
2. Prepare a USB flash drive with valid Chrome OS image and plug into the USB port of the servo as shown in the diagram.
3. Connect the micro USB port of the servo to the host machine (typically your workstation).
4. Connect an Ethernet cable to the Ethernet jack of the servo that goes to the a network reachable from the network that your host machine is on.

ServoV4 Type-C with servo micro

Make sure to use the following servo type and configuration for running the faft_pd suite or the faft_cr50 suite (note: the cr50 suite requires special images so is not runnable outside of Google). This setup requires servod to be in “DUAL_V4” mode. You should generally only use this setup for faft_pd and faft_cr50, faft_ec and faft_bios do not expect servod to be in DUAL_V4 mode.

Figure 3.Diagram of hardware configuration for a ServoV4 Type-C with servo micro.

Details about FAFT PD's ServoV4 Type-C + servo micro setup (Figure 3):

• The suite should only be run on devices released in 2019 and forward.
• The charger connected to the servo must have support for 5V, 12V, and 20V.
• The servo v4 and servo micro cable must be updated to their latest FW:
  • Servo_v4: servo_v4_v2.3.30-b35860984
  • servo micro: servo_micro_v2.3.30-b35960984

To check or upgrade the FW on the servo v4 and servo micro, respectively, before kicking off the FAFT PD suite:

• Have the servo v4 connected to your workstation/labstation along with the servo micro connected to the servo.
• Run the following commands on chroot one after the other:
  • sudo servo_updater -b servo_v4
  • sudo servo_updater -b servo_micro

(Deprecated) ServoV2

(Deprecated) The following photo shows the details how to connect the older, deprecated servo v2 board to the test controller, test device, and network.

Figure 4.Diagram of hardware configuration for a ServoV2 board.

Details of servo v2 connections:

1. Connect one end(ribbon cable) of the flex cable to servoV2 and the other end to the debug header on the chrome device.
2. Connect DUT_HUB_IN(micro USB port) of the servo to the DUT.
3. Prepare a USB flash drive with valid Chrome OS image and plug into the USB port of the servo as shown in the photo.
4. Connect the micro USB port of the servo to the host machine(workstation or a labstation).
5. Connect an Ethernet cable to the Ethernet jack of the servo.

Installing Test Image onto USB Stick

After the hardware components are correctly connected, prepare and install a test Chromium OS image:

1. Build the binary (chromiumos_test_image.bin) with build_image test, or fetch the file from a buildbot.
2. Load the test image onto a USB drive (use cros flash).
3. Insert the USB drive into the servo board, as shown in the photo.
4. Install the test image onto the internal disk by booting from the USB drive and running chromeos-install.

Running Tests

Setup Confirmation

To run FAFT you use the test_that tool, which does not automatically start a servod process for communicating with the servo board. Running FAFT is easiest with servod and test_that running in separate terminals inside the SDK, using either multiple SDK instances (cros_sdk --enter --no-ns-pid) or a tool such as screen inside an SDK instance. Before running any tests, go into chroot:

1. (chroot 1) Run $ sudo servod --board=$BOARD where $BOARD is the code name of the board you are testing. For example: $ sudo servod --board=eve
2. Go into a second chroot
3. (chroot 2) Run the firmware_FAFTSetup test to verify basic functionality and ensure that your setup is correct.
4. If test_that is in /usr/bin, the syntax is $ /usr/bin/test_that --board=$BOARD $DUT_IP firmware_FAFTSetup

It is important to note that this syntax will work only if the correct packages for the DUT have been built. To build the packages, which usually takes a few hours, run the following from chroot:

(chroot) $ ./build_packages --board=$BOARD where $BOARD is the code name of the board under test

If packages have not been built, the command won't work unless a path to the autotest directory is included in the command as follows:

(chroot) $ test_that --autotest_dir ~/trunk/src/third_party/autotest/files/ --args="servo_host=localhost servo_port=9999" -b $BOARD $IP $TEST_NAME

Sample Commands

A few sample invocations of launching tests against a DUT:

Running FAFT test with test case name

• $ /usr/bin/test_that --board=$BOARD $DUT_IP f:.*DevMode/control

Some tests can be run in either normal mode or dev mode, specify the control file

• $ /usr/bin/test_that --board=$BOARD $DUT_IP f:.*TryFwB/control.dev

FAFT can install Chrome OS image from the USB when image filename is specified

• $ /usr/bin/test_that --board=$BOARD $DUT_IP --args "image=$IMAGE_FILE" f:.*RecoveryButton/control.normal

To update the firmware using the shellball in the image, specify the argument firmware_update=1

• $ /usr/bin/test_that --board=$BOARD $DUT_IP --args "image=$IMAGE_FILE firmware_update=1" f:.*RecoveryButton/control.normal

Run the entire faft_bios suite

• $ /usr/bin/test_that --board=$BOARD $DUT_IP suite:faft_bios

Run the entire faft_ec suite

• $ /usr/bin/test_that --board=$BOARD $DUT_IP suite:faft_ec

Run the entire faft_pd suite

• $ /usr/bin/test_that --board=$BOARD $DUT_IP suite:faft_pd

To run servod in a different host, specify the servo_host and servo_port arguments.

• $ /usr/bin/test_that --board=$BOARD $DUT_IP --args "servo_host=$SERVO_HOST servo_port=$SERVO_PORT" suite:faft_lv1

To run multiple servo boards on the same servo host (labstation), use serial and port number.

• $ sudo servod --board=$BOARD --port $port_number --serial $servo_serial_number
• $ /usr/bin/test_that --board=$BOARD $DUT_IP --args "servo_host=localhost servo_port=$port_number faft_iterations=5000" f:.*firmware_ConsecutiveBoot/control

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: All of my FAFT tests are failing. What should I do?

• A1: Run firmware_FAFTSetup as a single test. Once it fails, check the log and determine which step failed and why.
• A2: Check that the servo has all the wired connections and a USB drive with the valid OS plugged in. A missing USB drive is guaranteed to make firmware_FAFTSetup fail.

Q: A few of my FAFT tests failed, but most tests are passing. What should I do?

• A1: Re-run the failed tests and try to isolate between flaky infrastructure, an actual firmware bug, or non-firmware bugs.
• A2: See if you were running FAFT without the AC charger connected. The DUT's battery may have completely drained during the middle of the FAFT suite.

Q: I still need help. Who can help me?

• A: Try joining the FAFT-users chromium.org mailing list and asking for help. Be sure to include logs and test details in your request for help.

Q: I got an error while running FAFT: AutoservRunError: command execution error: sudo -n which flash_ec . What's wrong?

• A: Run sudo emerge chromeos-ec inside your chroot.

Q: All tests are failing to run, saying that python was not found. What's wrong?

• A: This happens when the stateful partition that holds Python is wiped by a powerwash.

  It is usually caused by the stateful filesystem becoming corrupted, since Chrome OS performs a powerwash instead of running fsck like a standard Linux distribution would.

Q: What causes filesystem corruption?

• A1: Most cases of corruption are triggered by a test performing an EC reset, because the current sync logic in Autotest doesn't fully guarantee that all writes have been completed, especially on USB storage devices.

• A2: If the outer stateful partition (/mnt/stateful_partition) becomes full, the inner loop-mounted DM device (/mnt/stateful_partition/encrypted) will encounter write errors, likely corrupting the filesystem.

  Note: Running out of space only tends to happens when running FAFT tests that leave the DUT running from the USB disk, and only if the image's stateful partition is too small.

Q: Can I compare the results obtained with a Type-C servo to those obtained with a Type-A servo + micro?

• A: When running tests with a Type-C servo, it is recommended to to rerun a failure using the Type-A setup to do a fast check prior to digging deeper, i.e. before connecting a USB analyzer or probing the signals.