update_engine: Implement FilterExtentRanges.

This patch includes a new FilterExtentRanges() function to filter out
a set of blocks from a list of extents. This function is useful to remove
overlapping lists of blocks when generating operations during delta
generation. While this function is included in the main update_engine
daemon as well, the whole extent_ranges.{cc,h} module will be migrated
to the payload_generator/ directory. This function will be used in a
follow up CL.

BUG=None
TEST=Added unittests.

Change-Id: Ia9d561550fd6f59d59a9e178dd866fd71a095375
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/275802
Reviewed-by: Alex Deymo <deymo@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Alex Deymo <deymo@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Alex Deymo <deymo@chromium.org>
3 files changed