// Copyright 2020 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "ml/benchmark.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include <base/bind.h>
#include <base/check.h>
#include <base/containers/flat_map.h>
#include <base/files/file_path.h>
#include <base/files/file_util.h>
#include <base/logging.h>
#include <base/notreached.h>
#include <base/run_loop.h>
#include <base/strings/stringprintf.h>
#include <base/task/current_thread.h>
#include <base/threading/thread_task_runner_handle.h>
#include <brillo/message_loops/base_message_loop.h>
#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
#include <mojo/core/core.h>
#include <mojo/core/embedder/embedder.h>
#include <mojo/public/cpp/bindings/remote.h>

#include "ml/benchmark.pb.h"
#include "ml/model_conversions.h"
#include "ml/model_impl.h"
#include "ml/mojom/graph_executor.mojom.h"
#include "ml/mojom/machine_learning_service.mojom.h"
#include "ml/mojom/model.mojom.h"
#include "ml/test_utils.h"
#include "proto/benchmark_config.pb.h"

using ::chrome::ml_benchmark::BenchmarkResults;
using ::chrome::ml_benchmark::BenchmarkReturnStatus;
using ::chrome::ml_benchmark::CrOSBenchmarkConfig;
using ::chrome::ml_benchmark::Metric;
using ::chromeos::machine_learning::mojom::CreateGraphExecutorResult;
using ::chromeos::machine_learning::mojom::ExecuteResult;
using ::chromeos::machine_learning::mojom::GpuDelegateApi;
using ::chromeos::machine_learning::mojom::GraphExecutor;
using ::chromeos::machine_learning::mojom::GraphExecutorOptions;
using ::chromeos::machine_learning::mojom::GraphExecutorOptionsPtr;
using ::chromeos::machine_learning::mojom::LoadModelResult;
using ::chromeos::machine_learning::mojom::Model;
using ::chromeos::machine_learning::mojom::TensorPtr;
using ::chromeos::machine_learning::mojom::ValueList;
using ::google::protobuf::Map;
using ::google::protobuf::TextFormat;

using Example = ml::ExpectedInputOutput::Example;
using Feature = ml::ExpectedInputOutput::Example::Feature;
using NodeSpec = ml::FlatBufferModelSpecProto::NodeSpec;

namespace ml {
namespace {

// Percentiles for latency.
constexpr int kLatencyPercentile[] = {50, 90, 95, 99};
// Use a fake model name for benchmark runs.
constexpr char kMlBenchmarkMetricsName[] = "benchmark_model";

// The accumulative result of an inference test run.
struct AccumulativeResult {
  // Set to true if any inference fails.
  bool has_failure = false;
  // Total error for all inference.
  float total_error = 0.0;
  // Cputime of each run.
  std::vector<int64_t> cputimes_in_us;
  // Walltime of each run.
  std::vector<int64_t> walltimes_in_us;
  // Error message.
  std::string error_message;
};

// Serialize `results` into results_data and returns results.status().
int32_t SerializeResults(const BenchmarkResults& results,
                         void** results_data,
                         int32_t* results_size) {
  if (results.status() != BenchmarkReturnStatus::OK) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "result with error: " << results.DebugString();
  }
  const std::string result_pb = results.SerializeAsString();
  CHECK(!result_pb.empty());
  const int size = result_pb.size();
  // Will be released by the caller.
  char* const data = new char[size];
  result_pb.copy(data, size);
  *results_data = data;
  *results_size = size;
  return results.status();
}

void InitializeOnce() {
  if (!base::CurrentThread::IsSet()) {
    (new brillo::BaseMessageLoop())->SetAsCurrent();
  }
  if (!mojo::core::Core::Get()) {
    mojo::core::Init();
  }
}

// Constructs `model` based on tflite_config; returns whether the construction
// is successful.
bool ConstructModel(const FlatBufferModelSpecProto& model_proto,
                    mojo::Remote<Model>* const model) {
  auto model_data =
      std::make_unique<AlignedModelData>(model_proto.model_string());

  // Step 1 builds the FlatBufferModel.
  std::unique_ptr<tflite::FlatBufferModel> flat_buffer_model =
      tflite::FlatBufferModel::VerifyAndBuildFromBuffer(model_data->data(),
                                                        model_data->size());

  if (flat_buffer_model == nullptr) {
    return false;
  }

  // Step 2 constructs the ModelImpl.
  std::map<std::string, int> required_inputs, required_outputs;
  for (const auto& pair : model_proto.required_inputs()) {
    required_inputs[pair.first] = pair.second.index();
  }
  for (const auto& pair : model_proto.required_outputs()) {
    required_outputs[pair.first] = pair.second.index();
  }

  ModelImpl::Create(
      std::make_unique<ModelDelegate>(
          required_inputs, required_outputs, std::move(flat_buffer_model),
          std::move(model_data), kMlBenchmarkMetricsName),
      model->BindNewPipeAndPassReceiver());

  return true;
}

void CheckGraphExecutorOptions(
    const TfliteBenchmarkConfig& tflite_config,
    const GraphExecutorOptions& graph_executor_options) {
  if ((tflite_config.use_gpu()) &&
      (graph_executor_options.gpu_delegate_api == GpuDelegateApi::UNKNOWN)) {
    LOG(FATAL) << "Must specify GPU delegate API during benchmarking when "
                  "using GPU delegate";
  }
}

// Constructs `graph_executor`; returns whether the construction is successful.
bool ConstructGraphExecutor(const mojo::Remote<Model>& model,
                            const TfliteBenchmarkConfig& tflite_config,
                            mojo::Remote<GraphExecutor>* const graph_executor) {
  bool succeeded = false;

  GpuDelegateApi gpu_delegate_api(
      GpuDelegateApiFromProto(tflite_config.gpu_delegate_api()));
  GraphExecutorOptionsPtr graph_executor_options(GraphExecutorOptions::New(
      /*use_nnapi=*/false,
      /*use_gpu=*/tflite_config.use_gpu(),
      /*gpu_delegate_api=*/gpu_delegate_api));
  CheckGraphExecutorOptions(tflite_config, *graph_executor_options);

  model->CreateGraphExecutor(
      std::move(graph_executor_options),
      graph_executor->BindNewPipeAndPassReceiver(),
      base::BindOnce(
          [](bool* succeeded, const CreateGraphExecutorResult result) {
            *succeeded = result == CreateGraphExecutorResult::OK;
          },
          &succeeded));
  // Block until CreateGraphExecutor finishes.
  base::RunLoop().RunUntilIdle();
  return succeeded;
}

// Converts ExpectedInputOutput::Example into tensor map.
base::flat_map<std::string, TensorPtr> TensorMapFromExample(
    const Example& input, const Map<std::string, NodeSpec>& node_spec_map) {
  base::flat_map<std::string, TensorPtr> input_map;

  // Loop over each feature.
  for (const auto& pair : input.features().feature()) {
    const NodeSpec& node_spec = node_spec_map.at(pair.first);
    std::vector<int64_t> dims(node_spec.dims().begin(), node_spec.dims().end());
    switch (pair.second.kind_case()) {
      case Feature::kFloatList: {
        // For FloatList, make a (1, n) tensor with the value.
        const auto& float_values = pair.second.float_list().value();
        input_map[pair.first] = NewTensor<double>(
            dims,
            std::vector<double>(float_values.begin(), float_values.end()));
      } break;
      case Feature::kInt64List: {
        // For Int64List, make a (1, n) tensor with the value.
        const auto& int_values = pair.second.int64_list().value();
        input_map[pair.first] = NewTensor<int64_t>(
            dims, std::vector<int64_t>(int_values.begin(), int_values.end()));
      } break;
      default:
        LOG(ERROR) << "InputType not supported.";
        NOTREACHED();
        break;
    }
  }
  return input_map;
}

// Converts the `accumulative_result` into BenchmarkResults.
BenchmarkResults ToBenchmarkResults(AccumulativeResult* accumulative_result) {
  BenchmarkResults benchmark_result;
  if (accumulative_result->cputimes_in_us.empty()) {
    benchmark_result.set_status(BenchmarkReturnStatus::RUNTIME_ERROR);
    benchmark_result.set_results_message("cputimes_in_us is empty");
    return benchmark_result;
  }

  benchmark_result.set_status(BenchmarkReturnStatus::OK);

  // Sorts all walltimes_in_us for all the successful runs.
  std::sort(accumulative_result->walltimes_in_us.begin(),
            accumulative_result->walltimes_in_us.end());
  // Gets percentile for walltimes_in_us.
  for (const int i : kLatencyPercentile) {
    const int pos = i * accumulative_result->walltimes_in_us.size() / 100;
    // Add walltime as default time metrics.
    (*benchmark_result.mutable_percentile_latencies_in_us())[i] =
        accumulative_result->walltimes_in_us[pos];
  }

  auto& error_metric = *benchmark_result.add_metrics();
  error_metric.set_name("average_error");
  error_metric.set_units(chrome::ml_benchmark::Metric::UNITLESS);
  error_metric.set_direction(chrome::ml_benchmark::Metric::SMALLER_IS_BETTER);
  error_metric.set_cardinality(chrome::ml_benchmark::Metric::SINGLE);
  error_metric.add_values(accumulative_result->total_error /
                          accumulative_result->cputimes_in_us.size());

  // Sorts all cputimes_in_us for all the successful runs.
  std::sort(accumulative_result->cputimes_in_us.begin(),
            accumulative_result->cputimes_in_us.end());
  // Gets percentile for cputimes_in_us.
  for (const int i : kLatencyPercentile) {
    const int pos = i * accumulative_result->cputimes_in_us.size() / 100;
    // Add cputime as extra metrics.
    auto& metric = *benchmark_result.add_metrics();
    metric.set_name(base::StringPrintf("%dth_perc_cpu_time", i));
    metric.set_units(Metric::MS);
    metric.set_direction(Metric::SMALLER_IS_BETTER);
    metric.set_cardinality(Metric::SINGLE);
    metric.add_values(accumulative_result->cputimes_in_us[pos]);
  }

  return benchmark_result;
}

// Check two tensors have the same shape and size; then calculate the L1
// Distance between them, and add it to `accumulative result`.
template <class T>
void AccumulateDistance(const TensorPtr& tensor1,
                        const TensorPtr& tensor2,
                        AccumulativeResult* const accumulative_result) {
  if (tensor1->data->which() != tensor2->data->which()) {
    accumulative_result->error_message = "Tensor has different data type.";
    accumulative_result->has_failure = true;
    return;
  }
  const TensorView<T> tensor_view1(tensor1);
  const TensorView<T> tensor_view2(tensor2);
  if (!tensor_view1.IsValidType() || !tensor_view1.IsValidFormat() ||
      !tensor_view2.IsValidType() || !tensor_view2.IsValidFormat()) {
    accumulative_result->error_message = "Tensor type or format is invalid.";
    accumulative_result->has_failure = true;
    return;
  }
  if (tensor_view1.GetShape() != tensor_view2.GetShape() ||
      tensor_view1.GetValues().size() != tensor_view2.GetValues().size()) {
    accumulative_result->error_message = "Tensor has different shape or size.";
    accumulative_result->has_failure = true;
    return;
  }
  for (int j = 0; j < tensor_view1.GetValues().size(); ++j) {
    // accumulates the diff between elements.
    accumulative_result->total_error +=
        std::abs(tensor_view1.GetValues()[j] - tensor_view2.GetValues()[j]);
  }
}

// Calls Typed AccumulateDistance function above.
void AccumulateDistance(const TensorPtr& tensor1,
                        const TensorPtr& tensor2,
                        AccumulativeResult* const accumulative_result) {
  switch (tensor1->data->which()) {
    case ValueList::Tag::INT64_LIST:
      AccumulateDistance<int64_t>(tensor1, tensor2, accumulative_result);
      return;
    case ValueList::Tag::FLOAT_LIST:
      AccumulateDistance<double>(tensor1, tensor2, accumulative_result);
      return;
    default:
      accumulative_result->error_message = "Tensor type is not supported.";
      accumulative_result->has_failure = true;
      LOG(ERROR)
          << "Not supported tensor type for calculating AccumulateDistance.";
      NOTREACHED();
      return;
  }
}

BenchmarkResults InferenceForTfliteModel(
    const TfliteBenchmarkConfig& tflite_config,
    const FlatBufferModelSpecProto& model_proto,
    const ExpectedInputOutput& input_output) {
  // Initialization for the first time.
  InitializeOnce();

  BenchmarkResults benchmark_result;

  // Step 1: construct the model.
  mojo::Remote<Model> model;
  if (!ConstructModel(model_proto, &model)) {
    benchmark_result.set_status(BenchmarkReturnStatus::INITIALIZATION_FAILED);
    benchmark_result.set_results_message(
        "Can't construct the Model from the model file.");
    return benchmark_result;
  }

  // Step 2: construct the graph executor.
  mojo::Remote<GraphExecutor> graph_executor;
  if (!ConstructGraphExecutor(model, tflite_config, &graph_executor)) {
    benchmark_result.set_status(BenchmarkReturnStatus::INITIALIZATION_FAILED);
    benchmark_result.set_results_message(
        "Can't construct the GraphExecutor from the model.");
    return benchmark_result;
  }

  // Step 3: run inference multiple times.
  std::vector<std::string> output_name;
  for (const auto& pair : model_proto.required_outputs()) {
    output_name.push_back(pair.first);
  }

  AccumulativeResult accumulative_result;
  const base::flat_map<std::string, TensorPtr> expected_output =
      TensorMapFromExample(input_output.expected_output(),
                           model_proto.required_outputs());

  for (int i = 0; i < tflite_config.num_runs(); ++i) {
    // Starts the timer.
    const std::clock_t start_cputime = std::clock();
    const auto start_walltime = base::TimeTicks::Now();
    // Run infernce.
    graph_executor->Execute(
        TensorMapFromExample(input_output.input(),
                             model_proto.required_inputs()),
        output_name,
        base::BindOnce(
            [](AccumulativeResult* accumulative_result,
               const std::vector<std::string>* const output_name,
               const base::flat_map<std::string, TensorPtr>* const
                   expected_output,
               ExecuteResult result,
               std::optional<std::vector<TensorPtr>> outputs) {
              // Check that the inference run successfully.
              if (result != ExecuteResult::OK || !outputs.has_value()) {
                accumulative_result->error_message = "Inference not OK";
                accumulative_result->has_failure = true;
                return;
              }

              // Compare the output tensor with the expected tensor; add their
              // distance to the accumulative_result if two tensors have the
              // same type and shape.
              for (int i = 0; i < output_name->size(); ++i) {
                AccumulateDistance(outputs->at(i),
                                   expected_output->at(output_name->at(i)),
                                   accumulative_result);
                if (accumulative_result->has_failure) {
                  return;
                }
              }
            },
            &accumulative_result, &output_name, &expected_output));
    base::RunLoop().RunUntilIdle();

    // Inference should always succeed; return error otherwise.
    if (accumulative_result.has_failure) {
      benchmark_result.set_status(BenchmarkReturnStatus::RUNTIME_ERROR);
      benchmark_result.set_results_message(accumulative_result.error_message);
      return benchmark_result;
    }

    // Records time.
    const int64_t cpu_time_us = static_cast<int64_t>(
        (std::clock() - start_cputime) * 1000000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
    accumulative_result.cputimes_in_us.push_back(cpu_time_us);
    const int64_t wall_time_us =
        (base::TimeTicks::Now() - start_walltime).InMicroseconds();
    accumulative_result.walltimes_in_us.push_back(wall_time_us);
  }

  // Converts accumulative_result into BenchmarkResults.
  return ToBenchmarkResults(&accumulative_result);
}

}  // namespace
}  // namespace ml

int32_t benchmark_start(const void* config_bytes,
                        int32_t config_bytes_size,
                        void** results_bytes,
                        int32_t* results_bytes_size) {
  CHECK(config_bytes);
  CHECK(results_bytes);
  CHECK(results_bytes_size);

  BenchmarkResults result;

  // Step 1 De-serialize the CrOSBenchmarkConfig.
  CrOSBenchmarkConfig benchmark_config;
  if (!benchmark_config.ParseFromArray(config_bytes, config_bytes_size)) {
    result.set_status(BenchmarkReturnStatus::INCORRECT_CONFIGURATION);
    result.set_results_message("Can't parse CrOSBenchmarkConfig.");
    return ml::SerializeResults(result, results_bytes, results_bytes_size);
  }

  // Step 2 Parse the TfliteBenchmarkConfig
  ml::TfliteBenchmarkConfig tflite_config;
  if (!TextFormat::ParseFromString(benchmark_config.driver_config(),
                                   &tflite_config)) {
    result.set_status(BenchmarkReturnStatus::INCORRECT_CONFIGURATION);
    result.set_results_message("Can't parse TfliteBenchmarkConfig.");
    return ml::SerializeResults(result, results_bytes, results_bytes_size);
  }

  // Step 3 Parse the FlatBufferModelSpecProto.
  ml::FlatBufferModelSpecProto model_proto;
  std::string model_buf;
  if (!base::ReadFileToString(
          base::FilePath(tflite_config.tflite_model_filepath()), &model_buf)) {
    result.set_status(BenchmarkReturnStatus::INITIALIZATION_FAILED);
    result.set_results_message(tflite_config.tflite_model_filepath() +
                               " can't be read.");
    return ml::SerializeResults(result, results_bytes, results_bytes_size);
  }
  if (!model_proto.ParseFromString(model_buf)) {
    result.set_status(BenchmarkReturnStatus::INITIALIZATION_FAILED);
    result.set_results_message("Can't parse FlatBufferModelSpecProto");
    return ml::SerializeResults(result, results_bytes, results_bytes_size);
  }

  // Step 4 Parse the ExpectedInputOutput.
  ml::ExpectedInputOutput input_output;
  std::string input_buf;
  if (!base::ReadFileToString(
          base::FilePath(tflite_config.input_output_filepath()), &input_buf)) {
    result.set_status(BenchmarkReturnStatus::INITIALIZATION_FAILED);
    result.set_results_message(tflite_config.input_output_filepath() +
                               " can't be read.");
    return ml::SerializeResults(result, results_bytes, results_bytes_size);
  }
  if (!input_output.ParseFromString(input_buf)) {
    result.set_status(BenchmarkReturnStatus::INITIALIZATION_FAILED);
    result.set_results_message("Can't parse ExpectedInputOutput");
    return ml::SerializeResults(result, results_bytes, results_bytes_size);
  }

  // Step 5 runs InferenceForTfliteModel with the tflite_config,
  result =
      ml::InferenceForTfliteModel(tflite_config, model_proto, input_output);
  return ml::SerializeResults(result, results_bytes, results_bytes_size);
}

void free_benchmark_results(void* results_bytes) {
  delete[] static_cast<char*>(results_bytes);
}