# Copyright (c) 2013 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
# found in the LICENSE file.

"""Functions for implementing timeouts."""


import contextlib
import functools
import logging
import json
import signal
import time
import urllib

from chromite.buildbot import constants
from chromite.lib import signals


class TimeoutError(Exception):
  """Raises when code within Timeout has been run too long."""


@contextlib.contextmanager
def Timeout(max_run_time):
  """ContextManager that alarms if code is ran for too long.

  Timeout can run nested and raises a TimeoutException if the timeout
  is reached. Timeout can also nest underneath FatalTimeout.

  Args:
    max_run_time: Number (integer) of seconds to wait before sending SIGALRM.
  """
  max_run_time = int(max_run_time)
  if max_run_time <= 0:
    raise ValueError("max_run_time must be greater than zero")

  # pylint: disable=W0613
  def kill_us(sig_num, frame):
    raise TimeoutError("Timeout occurred- waited %s seconds." % max_run_time)

  original_handler = signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, kill_us)
  previous_time = int(time.time())

  # Signal the min in case the leftover time was smaller than this timeout.
  remaining_timeout = signal.alarm(0)
  if remaining_timeout:
    signal.alarm(min(remaining_timeout, max_run_time))
  else:
    signal.alarm(max_run_time)

  try:
    yield
  finally:
    # Cancel the alarm request and restore the original handler.
    signal.alarm(0)
    signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, original_handler)

    # Ensure the previous handler will fire if it was meant to.
    if remaining_timeout > 0:
      # Signal the previous handler if it would have already passed.
      time_left = remaining_timeout - (int(time.time()) - previous_time)
      if time_left <= 0:
        signals.RelaySignal(original_handler, signal.SIGALRM, None)
      else:
        signal.alarm(time_left)


@contextlib.contextmanager
def FatalTimeout(max_run_time):
  """ContextManager that exits the program if code is run for too long.

  This implementation is fairly simple, thus multiple timeouts
  cannot be active at the same time.

  Additionally, if the timeout has elapsed, it'll trigger a SystemExit
  exception within the invoking code, ultimately propagating that past
  itself.  If the underlying code tries to suppress the SystemExit, once
  a minute it'll retrigger SystemExit until control is returned to this
  manager.

  Args:
    max_run_time: a positive integer.
  """
  max_run_time = int(max_run_time)
  if max_run_time <= 0:
    raise ValueError("max_run_time must be greater than zero")

  # pylint: disable=W0613
  def kill_us(sig_num, frame):
    # While this SystemExit *should* crash it's way back up the
    # stack to our exit handler, we do have live/production code
    # that uses blanket except statements which could suppress this.
    # As such, keep scheduling alarms until our exit handler runs.
    # Note that there is a potential conflict via this code, and
    # RunCommand's kill_timeout; thus we set the alarming interval
    # fairly high.
    signal.alarm(60)
    raise SystemExit("Timeout occurred- waited %i seconds, failing."
                     % max_run_time)

  original_handler = signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, kill_us)
  remaining_timeout = signal.alarm(max_run_time)
  if remaining_timeout:
    # Restore things to the way they were.
    signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, original_handler)
    signal.alarm(remaining_timeout)
    # ... and now complain.  Unfortunately we can't easily detect this
    # upfront, thus the reset dance above.
    raise Exception("_Timeout cannot be used in parallel to other alarm "
                    "handling code; failing")
  try:
    yield
  finally:
    # Cancel the alarm request and restore the original handler.
    signal.alarm(0)
    signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, original_handler)


def TimeoutDecorator(max_time):
  """Decorator used to ensure a func is interrupted if it's running too long."""
  # Save off the built-in versions of time.time, signal.signal, and
  # signal.alarm, in case they get mocked out later. We want to ensure that
  # tests don't accidentally mock out the functions used by Timeout.
  def _Save():
    return time.time, signal.signal, signal.alarm
  def _Restore(values):
    (time.time, signal.signal, signal.alarm) = values
  builtins = _Save()

  def NestedTimeoutDecorator(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def TimeoutWrapper(*args, **kwargs):
      new = _Save()
      try:
        _Restore(builtins)
        with Timeout(max_time):
          _Restore(new)
          try:
            func(*args, **kwargs)
          finally:
            _Restore(builtins)
      finally:
        _Restore(new)

    return TimeoutWrapper

  return NestedTimeoutDecorator


def WaitForReturnTrue(*args, **kwargs):
  """Periodically run a function, waiting in between runs.

  Continues to run until the function returns True.

  Args:
    See WaitForReturnValue([True], ...)

  Raises:
    TimeoutError when the timeout is exceeded.
  """
  WaitForReturnValue([True], *args, **kwargs)


def WaitForReturnValue(values, *args, **kwargs):
  """Periodically run a function, waiting in between runs.

  Continues to run until the function return value is in the list
  of accepted |values|.  See WaitForSuccess for more details.

  Args:
    values: A list or set of acceptable return values.
    *args, **kwargs: See WaitForSuccess for remaining arguments.

  Returns:
    The value most recently returned by |func|.

  Raises:
    TimeoutError when the timeout is exceeded.
  """
  def _Retry(return_value):
    return return_value not in values

  return WaitForSuccess(_Retry, *args, **kwargs)


def WaitForSuccess(retry_check, func, timeout, period=1, side_effect_func=None,
                   func_args=None, func_kwargs=None,
                   fallback_timeout=10):
  """Periodically run a function, waiting in between runs.

  Continues to run given function until return value is accepted by retry check.

  To retry based on raised exceptions see GenericRetry in retry_util.

  Args:
    retry_check: A functor that will be passed the return value of |func| as
      the only argument.  If |func| should be retried |retry_check| should
      return True.
    func: The function to run to test for a value.
    timeout: The maximum amount of time to wait, in integer seconds.
    period: Integer number of seconds between calls to |func|.
    side_effect_func: Optional function to be called between polls of func,
                      typically to output logging messages.
    func_args: Optional list of positional arguments to be passed to |func|.
    func_kwargs: Optional dictionary of keyword arguments to be passed to
                 |func|.
    fallback_timeout: We set a secondary timeout based on sigalarm this many
                      seconds after the initial timeout. This should NOT be
                      considered robust, but can allow timeouts inside blocking
                      methods.

  Returns:
    The value most recently returned by |func| that was not flagged for retry.

  Raises:
    TimeoutError when the timeout is exceeded.
  """
  assert period >= 0
  func_args = func_args or []
  func_kwargs = func_kwargs or {}

  timeout_end = time.time() + timeout

  # Use a sigalarm after an extra delay, in case a function we call is
  # blocking for some reason. This should NOT be considered reliable.
  with Timeout(timeout + fallback_timeout):
    while True:
      period_start = time.time()
      period_end = period_start + period

      value = func(*func_args, **func_kwargs)
      if not retry_check(value):
        return value

      if side_effect_func:
        side_effect_func()

      time_remaining = min(timeout_end, period_end) - time.time()
      if time_remaining > 0:
        time.sleep(time_remaining)

      if time.time() >= timeout_end:
        raise TimeoutError('Timed out after %d seconds' % timeout)


def _GetStatus(status_url):
  """Polls |status_url| and returns the retrieved tree status.

  This function gets a JSON response from |status_url|, and returns the
  value associated with the 'general_state' key, if one exists and the
  http request was successful.

  Returns:
    The tree status, as a string, if it was successfully retrieved. Otherwise
    None.
  """
  try:
    # Check for successful response code.
    response = urllib.urlopen(status_url)
    if response.getcode() == 200:
      data = json.load(response)
      if data.has_key('general_state'):
        return data['general_state']
  # We remain robust against IOError's.
  except IOError as e:
    logging.error('Could not reach %s: %r', status_url, e)


def WaitForTreeStatus(status_url, period=1, timeout=1, throttled_ok=False):
  """Wait for tree status to be open (or throttled, if |throttled_ok|).

  Args:
    status_url: The status url to check i.e.
                'https://status.appspot.com/current?format=json'
    period: How often to poll for status updates.
    timeout: How long to wait until a tree status is discovered.
    throttled_ok: is TREE_THROTTLED an acceptable status?

  Returns:
    The most recent tree status, either constants.TREE_OPEN or
    constants.TREE_THROTTLED (if |throttled_ok|)

  Raises:
    TimeoutError if timeout expired before tree reached acceptable status.
  """
  acceptable_states = set([constants.TREE_OPEN])
  verb = 'open'
  if throttled_ok:
    acceptable_states.add(constants.TREE_THROTTLED)
    verb = 'not be closed'

  timeout = max(timeout, 1)

  end_time = time.time() + timeout

  def _LogMessage():
    time_left = end_time - time.time()
    logging.info('Waiting for the tree to %s (%d minutes left)...', verb,
                 time_left / 60)

  def _get_status():
    return _GetStatus(status_url)

  return WaitForReturnValue(acceptable_states, _get_status, timeout=timeout,
                            period=period, side_effect_func=_LogMessage)


def IsTreeOpen(status_url, period=1, timeout=1, throttled_ok=False):
  """Wait for tree status to be open (or throttled, if |throttled_ok|).

  Args:
    status_url: The status url to check i.e.
                'https://status.appspot.com/current?format=json'
    period: How often to poll for status updates.
    timeout: How long to wait until a tree status is discovered.
    throttled_ok: Does TREE_THROTTLED count as open?

  Returns:
    True if the tree is open (or throttled, if |throttled_ok|). False if
    timeout expired before tree reached acceptable status.
  """
  try:
    WaitForTreeStatus(status_url, period, timeout, throttled_ok)
  except TimeoutError:
    return False
  return True


def GetTreeStatus(status_url, polling_period=0, timeout=0):
  """Returns the current tree status as fetched from |status_url|.

  This function returns the tree status as a string, either
  constants.TREE_OPEN, constants.TREE_THROTTLED, or constants.TREE_CLOSED.

  Args:
    status_url: The status url to check i.e.
      'https://status.appspot.com/current?format=json'
    polling_period: Time to wait in seconds between polling attempts.
    timeout: Maximum time in seconds to wait for status.

  Returns:
    constants.TREE_OPEN, constants.TREE_THROTTLED, or constants.TREE_CLOSED

  Raises:
    TimeoutError if the timeout expired before the status could be successfully
    fetched.
  """
  acceptable_states = set([constants.TREE_OPEN, constants.TREE_THROTTLED,
                           constants.TREE_CLOSED])

  def _get_status():
    return _GetStatus(status_url)

  return WaitForReturnValue(acceptable_states, _get_status, timeout,
                            polling_period)